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Linux服务-http
阅读量:5947 次
发布时间:2019-06-19

本文共 23936 字,大约阅读时间需要 79 分钟。

目录

Linux服务-http

1. httpd简介

httpd是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务器的主程序。被设计为一个独立运行的后台进程,它会建立一个处理请求的子进程或线程的池。

通常,httpd不应该被直接调用,而应该在类Unix系统中由apachectl调用,在Windows中作为服务运行。

2. httpd版本

本文主要介绍httpd的两大版本,httpd-2.2和httpd-2.4。

  • CentOS6系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.2版本的rpm包
  • CentOS7系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.4版本的rpm包

2.1 httpd的特性

httpd有很多特性,下面就分别来说说httpd-2.2版本和httpd-2.4版本各自的特性。

版本 特性
2.2 1.事先创建进程
按需维持适当的进程
2.模块化设计,核心比较小,各种功能通过模块添加(包括PHP),支持运行时配置,支持单独编译模块
3.支持多种方式的虚拟主机配置,如基于ip的虚拟主机,基于端口的虚拟主机,基于域名的虚拟主机等
4.支持https协议(通过mod_ssl模块实现)
5.支持用户认证
6.支持基于IP或域名的ACL访问控制机制
7.支持每目录的访问控制(用户访问默认主页时不需要提供用户名和密码
但是用户访问某特定目录时需要提供用户名和密码)
8.支持URL重写
9.支持MPM(Multi Path Modules,多处理模块)。
用于定义httpd的工作模型(单进程、单进程多线程、多进程、多进程单线程、多进程多线程)
2.4 1.MPM支持运行DSO机制(Dynamic Share Object,模块的动态装/卸载机制),以模块形式按需加载
2.支持eventMPM,eventMPM模块生产环境可用
3.支持异步读写
4.支持每个模块及每个目录分别使用各自的==日志级别==
5.每个请求相关的专业配置,使用来配置
6.增强版的表达式分析器
7.支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout
8.基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
9.支持用户自定义变量
10.支持新的指令(AllowOverrideList)
11.降低对内存的消耗

日志级别(log level):从低到高级别越低越详细

  1. debug:程序和系统的调试信息。非常详细连命令都会记录
  2. info: 一般消息
  3. notice: 不影响正常功能,需要注意的消息
  4. warning/warn:可能影响系统功能,需要提醒用户的重要事件
  5. err/error: 错误信息
  6. crit: 紧急比较严重的事件
  7. alert: 必须马上处理的
  8. emerg/panic:会导致系统不可用的
  9. *: 表示所有日志级别
  10. none:表示啥也没有
工作模型 工作方式
prefork 多进程模型,预先生成进程,一个请求用一个进程响应
一个主进程负责生成n个子进程,子进程也称为工作进程
每个子进程处理一个用户请求,即使没有用户请求,也会预先生成多个空闲进程,随时等待请求到达,最大不会超过1024个
worker 基于线程工作,一个请求用一个线程响应(启动多个进程,每个进程生成多个线程)
event 基于事件的驱动,一个进程处理多个请求

2.2 httpd-2.4新增的模块

httpd-2.4在之前的版本基础上新增了几大模块,下面就几个常用的来介绍一下。

模块 功能
mod_proxy_fcgi 反向代理时支持apache服务器后端协议的模块
mod_ratelimit 提供速率限制功能的模块
mod_remoteip 基于ip的访问控制机制被改变,不再支持使用Order,Deny,Allow来做基于IP的访问控制

3. httpd基础

3.1 httpd自带的工具程序

工具 功能
htpasswd basic认证基于文件实现时,用到的帐号密码生成工具
apachectl httpd自带的服务控制脚本,支持start,stop,restart
apxs 由httpd-devel包提供的,扩展httpd使用第三方模块的工具
rotatelogs 日志滚动工具
suexec 访问某些有特殊权限配置的资源时,临时切换至指定用户运行的工具
ab apache benchmark,httpd的压力测试工具

3.2 rpm包安装的httpd程序环境

YUM安装的情况下

文件/目录 对应的功能
/var/log/httpd/access.log 访问日志
/var/log/httpd/error_log 错误日志
/var/www/html/ 站点文档目录
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/ 模块文件路径
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 主配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf 模块配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf 辅助配置文

mpm(模块):以DSO机制提供,配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf

3.3 web相关的命令

3.3.1 curl命令

curl是基于URL语法在命令行方式下工作的文件传输工具,它支持FTP,FTPS,HTTP,HTTPS,GOPHER,TELNET,DICT,FILE及LDAP等协议。

curl支持以下功能:

  • https(http加密)认证
  • http的POST/PUT等方法
  • ftp上传
  • kerberos认证
  • http上传代理服务器
  • cookies
  • 用户名/密码认证
  • 下载文件断点续传
  • socks5代理服务器
  • 通过http代理服务器上传文件到ftp服务器
//语法:curl [options] [URL ...]//常用的options:    -A/--user-agent 
//设置用户代理发送给服务器 -basic //使用Http基本认证 --tcp-nodelay //使用TCP_NODELAY选项 -e/--referer
//来源网址 --cacert
//CA证书(SSL) --compressed //要求返回时压缩的格式 -H/--header
//自定义请求首部信息传递给服务器 -I/--head //只显示响应报文首部信息 --limit-rate
//设置传输速度 -u/--user
//设置服务器的用户和密码 -0/--http1 //使用http 1.0版本,默认使用1.1版本。这个选项是数字0而不是字母o -o/--output //把输出写到文件中 -#/--progress-bar //进度条显示当前的传送状态//通过curl下载文件 [root@localhost ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg cwhhttp.sh[root@localhost ~]# curl -o http.html http://www.itwangqing.net.cn/15333747858558.html % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 42062 100 42062 0 0 128k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 129k[root@localhost ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg cwhhttp.sh http.html

3.3.2 httpd命令

//语法:httpd [options]//常用的options:    -l      //查看静态编译的模块,列出核心中编译了哪些模块。 \            //它不会列出使用LoadModule指令动态加载的模块    -M      //输出一个已经启用的模块列表,包括静态编译在服务 \            //器中的模块和作为DSO动态加载的模块    -v      //显示httpd的版本,然后退出    -V      //显示httpd和apr/apr-util的版本和编译参数,然后退出    -X      //以调试模式运行httpd。仅启动一个工作进程,并且 \            //服务器不与控制台脱离    -t      //检查配置文件是否有语法错误    [root@cwh ~]# httpd -lCompiled in modules:  core.c  mod_so.c  http_core.c  event.c[root@cwh ~]# httpd -MAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::fa28:6d0:a965:7db7. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageLoaded Modules: core_module (static) so_module (static) http_module (static) mpm_event_module (static) authn_file_module (shared) authn_core_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_core_module (shared) access_compat_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) reqtimeout_module (shared) filter_module (shared) mime_module (shared) log_config_module (shared) env_module (shared) headers_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) version_module (shared) unixd_module (shared) status_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) dir_module (shared) alias_module (shared)[root@cwh ~]# httpd -vServer version: Apache/2.4.38 (Unix)Server built:   Apr 18 2019 11:28:19[root@cwh ~]# httpd -VServer version: Apache/2.4.38 (Unix)Server built:   Apr 18 2019 11:28:19Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:83Server loaded:  APR 1.6.5, APR-UTIL 1.6.1Compiled using: APR 1.6.5, APR-UTIL 1.6.1Architecture:   64-bitServer MPM:     event  threaded:     yes (fixed thread count)    forked:     yes (variable process count)Server compiled with.... -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"[root@cwh ~]# httpd -tAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::fa28:6d0:a965:7db7. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageSyntax OK//此处会提示一个关于'ServerName'的信息,此时进入到主配置文件中进行修改[root@cwh ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 讲ServerName www.example.com:801前注释取消掉[root@cwh ~]# httpd -tSyntax OK//然后就不会出现错误信息了

4. 编译安装httpd-2.4

第一步:基础环境准备用YUM安装pcre-devel,openssl-devel,expat-devel同时下载apache得三个安装包apr,apr-util,httpd第二步:解压三个安装包[root@localhost local]# tar xf httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz [root@localhost local]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz [root@localhost local]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@localhost local]# lsapr-1.6.5         apr-util-1.6.1         auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html          httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz  Makefile  objs    srcapr-1.6.5.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  CHANGES  conf        contrib    httpd-2.4.38  第三步:编译安装apr-1.6.5   [root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr//此时报错原因是没有编辑apr下得configure文件rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directoryconfig.status: executing default commands// 编辑 configure[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vi configurecfgfile=${ofile}T    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15    $RM "$cfgfile"删除$RM "$cfgfile"//再次编译[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/aprchecking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuConfiguring APR libraryPlatform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking for working mkdir -p... yesAPR Version: 1.6.5...config.status: creating apr.pcconfig.status: creating test/Makefileconfig.status: creating test/internal/Makefileconfig.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.hconfig.status: executing libtool commandsconfig.status: executing default commandsconfig.status: include/apr.h is unchangedconfig.status: include/arch/unix/apr_private.h is unchanged//使用make命令安装[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make installmake[1]: 进入目录“/root/apr-1.6.5”/root/apr-1.6.5/build/mkdir.sh tools/bin/sh /root/apr-1.6.5/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread   -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/private -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/private  -o tools/gen_test_char.lo -c tools/gen_test_char.c && touch tools/gen_test_char.lo/bin/sh /root/apr-1.6.5/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread   -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/private -I/root/apr-1.6.5/include/private   -no-install    -o tools/gen_test_char tools/gen_test_char.lo    -lrt -lcrypt  -lpthread -ldl/root/apr-1.6.5/build/mkdir.sh include/private...done/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/apr-1.6.5/build/apr_common.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/apr-1.6.5/build/find_apr.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ls /usr/local/第三部:编译安装apr-util//注意在编译安装apr-util时需要指定apr得路径 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/aprchecking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking for working mkdir -p... yesAPR-util Version: 1.6.1checking for chosen layout... apr-utilchecking for gcc... gccchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking for C compiler default output file name... a.out...config.status: creating apu-1-configconfig.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.hconfig.status: creating include/apr_ldap.hconfig.status: creating include/apu.hconfig.status: creating include/apu_want.hconfig.status: creating test/Makefileconfig.status: creating include/private/apu_config.hconfig.status: executing default commands// 使用make && make install安装apr-uti[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make installmake[1]: 进入目录“/root/apr-util-1.6.1”/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread   -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1    -o buckets/apr_brigade.lo -c buckets/apr_brigade.c && touch buckets/apr_brigade.lo/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread   -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1    -o buckets/apr_buckets.lo -c buckets/apr_buckets.c && touch buckets/apr_buckets.lo/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread   -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1    -o buckets/apr_buckets_alloc.lo -c buckets/apr_buckets_alloc.c && touch buckets/apr_buckets_alloc.lo...----------------------------------------------------------------------/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util/lib/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config// 检验apr-util安装成功没[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr  apr-util  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  nginx  sbin  share  src第四部:编译安装http(apache)//首先编译./configure[root@localhost httpd]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-utilcServer Version: 2.4.34    Install prefix: /usr/local/apache    C compiler:     gcc -std=gnu99    CFLAGS:          -g -O2 -pthread      CPPFLAGS:        -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE      LDFLAGS:               LIBS:                 C preprocessor: gcc -E//注意如果想添加更多选项可以自己在编译时加入[root@localhost ~]# lshttpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.37[root@localhost httpd-2.4.37]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \--enable-so \--enable-ssl \--enable-cgi \--enable-rewrite \--with-zlib \--with-pcre \--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \--enable-modules=most \--enable-mpms-shared=all \--with-mpm=prefork[root@localhost httpd-2.4.37]# make && make install编译安装过程略...//编译完成后用make && make install命令编译[root@localhost httpd-2.4.38]#  make && make installmake[2]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.38/support'Installing configuration filesmkdir /opt/httpd/confmkdir /opt/httpd/conf/extramkdir /opt/httpd/conf/originalmkdir /opt/httpd/conf/original/extraInstalling HTML documentsmkdir /opt/httpd/htdocsInstalling error documentsmkdir /opt/httpd/error...mkdir /opt/httpd/buildInstalling man pages and online manualmkdir /opt/httpd/manmkdir /opt/httpd/man/man1mkdir /opt/httpd/man/man8mkdir /opt/httpd/manual

4.1 安装完成后运行httpd

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html

It is cwh's Html

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart

登陆效果:

image

5. httpd常用配置

切换使用MPM(编辑/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf文件):

//LoadModule mpm_NAME_module modules/mod_mpm_NAME.so//NAME有三种,分别是:    prefork    event    worker[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so#LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so#LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so

访问控制法则:

|法则|功能|
|---|---|
|Require all granted|允许所有主机访问|
|Require all deny|拒绝所有主机访问|
|Require ip IPADDR|授权指定来源地址的主机访问|
|Require not ip IPADDR|拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问|
|Require host HOSTNAME|授权指定来源主机名的主机访问|
|Require not host HOSTNAME|拒绝指定来源主机名的主机访问|

IPADDR的类型 HOSTNAME的类型
IP:192.168.1.1
Network/mask:192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
Network/Length:192.168.1.0/24
Net:192.168
FQDN:特定主机的全名
DOMAIN:指定域内的所有主机

注意:httpd-2.4版本默认是拒绝所有主机访问的,所以安装以后必须做显示授权访问

示例:
<Directory /var/www/html/www> <RequireAll> Require not ip 192.168.112.146 Require all granted </RequireAll> </Directory>
虚拟主机:
虚拟主机有三类:

  • 相同IP不同端口
  • 不同IP相同端口
  • 相同IP相同端口不同域名
    实验测试
    1.对不同目录(网页)进行设置
//首先在服务端对配置文件进行配置[root@server htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
Require all denied
//加入你要设置的目录//配置完成后检查配置文件是否有语法错误并重启httpd服务[root@server htdocs]# apachectl -t[root@server htdocs]# apachectl restart//在在客户端山进行验证[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.146/test/index.html403 Forbidden

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access /test/index.htmlon this server.

//可以看出访问被拒绝

2.对不同IP地址进行配置

//首先配置httpd.conf配置文件
Require not ip 192.168.112.149Require all granted
//配置完成后检查配置文件是否有语法错误并重启httpd服务[root@server htdocs]# apachectl -tSyntax OK[root@server htdocs]# apachectl restart//在客户端验证效果[root@client ~]# ip a |grep inet |awk 'NR==3 {print $2}'192.168.112.149/24[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.146403 Forbidden

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access /on this server.

//可以看出访问被拒绝

3.相同IP不同端口

//2.2需要在
前加NamevirtualHost//第一步首先找到/etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf这个虚拟主机的配置文件在哪里使用find命令[root@server htdocs]# find / -name *vhosts.conf/etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf//第二步在虚拟机主机的配置文件中写虚拟主机的配置
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime" ServerName runtime.example.com ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cwh" ServerName cwh.example.com ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/cwh.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/cwh.example.com-access_log" common
//第三步在著配置文件/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf下开启虚拟主机的配置文件# Virtual hostsInclude /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //讲这一行的注释井号去掉就可以开启//第四步使用apache -t检测配置文件是否出错[root@server htdocs]# apachectl -tAH00112: Warning: DocumentRoot [/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime] does not existAH00112: Warning: DocumentRoot [/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cwh] does not existSyntax OK //报错原因是因为在配置文件中写入的目下没有runtime和cwh两个,目录的存在,解决办法是在配置文件设置的路径下创建这两个目录//第五步解决报错[root@server htdocs]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/[[root@server htdocs]# echo 'runtime' > runtime/index.html[root@server htdocs]# echo 'hello cwh' > cwh/index.html//第六步重启httpd服务[root@server htdocs]# apachectl restart//第七步在客户端分别连接两个端口看效果[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.146:80runtime //80端口对应的是runtime[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.146:81hello cwh //81端口对应的是cwh

4.不同IP相同端口

//第一步在虚拟机主机的配置文件中写虚拟主机的配置//注意这里配置的不同ip是服务端本身的,是客户端登陆服务端不同的IP从而进入不同的网页[root@server htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime" ServerName runtime.example.com ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cwh" ServerName cwh.example.com ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/cwh.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/cwh.example.com-access_log" common
//重启httpd服务[root@server htdocs]# apachectl restart//在服务端查看效果[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.3runtime[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.112.146hello cwh

5.相同IP相同端口不同域名

//第一步在服务端/etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf修改配置文件
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime" ServerName runtime.example.com ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cwh" ServerName cwh.example.com//第二步修改之后重启apache服务[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start//第三步此时客户端无法解析dns所以要爱客户端修改/etc/hosts文件添加dns解析域名[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts192.168.112.146 runtime.example.com192.168.112.146 cwh.example.com //添加这两条//第四步是用客户端连接验证[root@localhost ~]# curl http://runtime.example.comruntime[root@localhost ~]# curl http://cwh.example.comhello cwh

6.ssl:

启用模块:编辑/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf文件,添加下面这行,如果已经有了但是注释了,则取消注释即可

//第一步配置私有证书a) CA生成一对密钥//在客户端上配(不要再网页所在服务端配置)cd /etc/pki/CA (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)    #生成密钥,括号必须要[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/[root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus..............+++..............................................................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout    #提取公钥[root@localhost CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -puboutwriting RSA key-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsC5t1jD9bDut4vXlB29x9/Z3njheEYfdMeWb6NSgJBPxEpB1qZuCX9EchoJc6ZAfkNeQMZIdJBpmMCOUsWCc6TrzPps49IXqZhn2BH69z+doUvan6gNwBXBib0/rI9O+t6kFoTAfgwckqxYT6XRKebIAOjBF4Bb+FGOxohg9JsAhTqV/Nd0sblW3llw17i7VuXyrHa/DaciruwKxwSUSmy3j2+M9xY5Gd3j6aHSsu+Rd5lD5sHxyW89oCmUkXD7m2j4K5OuU0w1K2moDAfiVCIBBwZtgovuc1oTm13lfcO82c+zC6esH/3k5ZzJDkRTJ0mXqUON5FyW/vhIX7OyVIwIDAQAB-----END PUBLIC KEY----- b) CA生成自签署证书openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365    #生成自签署证书[root@localhost CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:HuBeiLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WuHanOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime.example.comOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:runtime.example.comCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:runtime.example.comEmail Address []:1@2.comopenssl x509 -text -in cacert.pem    #读出cacert.pem证书的内容c) httpd服务器生成密钥cd /etc/httpd24 && mkdir ssl && cd ssl(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)[root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus...+++........................................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)d) 客户端生成证书签署请求openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 365 -out httpd.csr[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 365 -out httpd.csrYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:HuBeiLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WuHanOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime.example.com Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:runtime.example.comCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:runtime.example.comEmail Address []:1@2.comPlease enter the following 'extra' attributesto be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []:    //不填写An optional company name []:    //不填写 e) 客户端把证书签署请求文件发送给CA [root@localhost ssl]# scp httpd.csr root@192.168.112.149:/root/ f) CA签署客户端提交上来的证书(在非网页服务器端) openssl ca -in /root/httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365 [root@localhost ~]# openssl ca -in /root/httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfCheck that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details:        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)        Validity            Not Before: Apr 21 04:49:16 2019 GMT            Not After : Apr 20 04:49:16 2020 GMT        Subject:            countryName               = CN            stateOrProvinceName       = HuBei            organizationName          = runtime.example.com            organizationalUnitName    = runtime.example.com            commonName                = runtime.example.com            emailAddress              = 1@2.com        X509v3 extensions:            X509v3 Basic Constraints:                 CA:FALSE            Netscape Comment:                 OpenSSL Generated Certificate            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:                 11:2A:E1:E6:8F:83:1F:B5:E8:5D:F2:D7:F5:B9:71:9E:9D:08:1D:4B            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:                 keyid:93:8F:C9:74:E5:23:7A:82:48:9B:23:FC:8B:90:EE:BA:8A:59:43:2CCertificate is to be certified until Apr 20 04:49:16 2020 GMT (365 days)Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]yWrite out database with 1 new entriesData Base Updated g) CA把签署好的证书httpd.crt发给客户端 [root@localhost ~]# scp httpd.crt root@192.168.112.146:/root/  //第二步在网页服务端讲/root/下的httpd.crt移动到/etc/httpd/ssl去 [root@localhost ~]# mv httpd.crt /etc/httpd24/ssl/[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd24/ssl/[root@localhost ssl]# lshttpd.crt  httpd.csr  httpd.key//第三步编辑/etc/httpd24/http.conf配置文件LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so# Virtual hostsInclude /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf# Secure (SSL/TLS) connectionsInclude /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf将这三行前的注释取消掉//注意:如果包下面这个错误[root@localhost ~]# apachectl -tAH00526: Syntax error on line 92 of /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf:SSLSessionCache: 'shmcb' session cache not supported (known names: ). Maybe you need to load the appropriate socache module (mod_socache_shmcb?).则需要将著配置文件中的LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so这一条前得注释取消掉//第四步修改ssl配置文件 /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf #   General setup for the virtual hostDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime" //网站所在目录ServerName runtime.example.com:443 //改成服务器域名ServerAdmin you@example.comErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-error_log"TransferLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/runtime.example.com-access_log"  //修改下发的证书目录SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd24/ssl/httpd.crt"SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd24/ssl/httpd.key"//第五步重启服务,用浏览器验证

验证效果:

image
image

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/chengweihong/p/10735130.html

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